A monkey in Gibraltar.
Ceuta and Melilla border controls
Gibraltar border controls.
A map.
Bé, m’han demanat
si, després de Gibraltar, puc escriure 4 ratlles sobre Ceuta i Melilla! Bé, poso
una mica d’historia – em podeu corregir si cal!
Quan els
cristians van reconquistar la peninsula i van fumar fora als moros, van
continuar fins el nord d’Africa. Aixi van conquistar Ceuta al 1415 i Melilla al
1497. Originalment Ceuta era de Portugal però per rotllos de reis etc va passar
a ser espanyol – un cop s’inventes el concepte del païs d’Espanya (finals del
segle XV). Al finals segle 19 i principis del segle 20, es va obrir “barra
lliure” pels europeus a Africa i França i Espanya es van repartir el Marroc. Encara
que Marroc va assollir l’independencia al 1956, Espanya es va quedar amb Ceuta
i Melilla – i Perejil!
Entre les dos
ciutats són uns 150.000 persones. Evidentment la majoria de gent que hi viu
volen continuar sent espanyols, que vol dir que són ciutadans de la UE, igual
que la gent que viu a Gibraltar vol continuar sent britanic. Que importa més,
les reclamacions sobre la sobirania d’aquests llocs, o la voluntat de la gent
que hi viu?
Mentre a
Gibraltar la policia espanyola té un fart per registrar cotxes i bicis plens de
tabac, les fronteres de Ceuta i Melilla són noticia mundial per les tanques de
6 metres de filferro i soldats armats que impedeixen que la gent d’Africa hi
pugui passar. Els que si que poden passar amb facilitat són els europeus que viuen a Africa i volen anar-hi per a comprar pernil i altres productes pareguts!
Mentre a Gibraltar la foto tipic és d'un bobby tipic anglès, molt amable i simpatic (normalment), la de Ceuta i Melilla és dificil fer una foto sense que surti un militar o un monument de Franco.
(La cançó no té res a vore en res de tot això!)
Mentre a Gibraltar la foto tipic és d'un bobby tipic anglès, molt amable i simpatic (normalment), la de Ceuta i Melilla és dificil fer una foto sense que surti un militar o un monument de Franco.
(La cançó no té res a vore en res de tot això!)
................
Following
on from the success of my blogpost on Gibraltar, my fan club have insisted I
write a few lines on a similar case – the Spanish cities of Ceuta and Melilla
in north Africa. I'll try not to get kicked out of Spain in doing so - although that is in fact every Catalan's dream !
These two
cities, and other bits and bobs – mainly uninhabited small isles – have been
Spanish ever since Spain itself has existed as a concept, that is to say the
end of the 15th century. Before that Spain did not exist - the
Iberian peninsula was made up of different kingdoms (Aragon, Catalonia, Castile
etc), some forming temporary alliances, others fighting each other.
And how did
the cities become Spanish then? Well, as you may or may not know, or can
Google, the Moors conquered most of the Iberian Peninsula between the 8th
and 14th centuries. As the Christians reconquered the lands,
especially in the 14th century, they eventually crossed over into north
Africa also, with the Portuguese king conquering Ceuta in 1415 and the Spanish
conquering Melilla in 1497. The King of Spain also became King of Portugal in
1580 as used to happen through marriages and alliances etc, but in 1640 for
some reason the two countries separated once more. However, Ceuta chose to
remain Spanish.
When the
Europeans shared out Africa between themselves, in the 19th and 20th
century, Morocco was basically divided out between France and Spain. Morocco
became independent in 1956 but Spain
kept hold of the two cities for strategic reasons.
Between
them, Ceuta and Melilla occupy a mere 12 square miles with a total population
of around 150,000 inhabitants. They are both in the European Union, being
Spanish. And, as is the case with Gibraltar, the vast majority of their citizens
do not want to change the present situation. So, however much Morocco may lay
claim to them, who’s to say the 150,000 citizens can’t make their own mind up?
A chief
difference with Gibraltar – for obvious reasons – are the frontiers. The
Spanish police spend a lot of time and effort trying to hinder people’s access
to Gibraltar, and Spanish citizens spend a lot of time and effort trying to get
in to smuggle cigarettes out hidden in their bikes, mopeds, car wheels etc.
(for fairness, I must add that many Spanish citizens enter Gibraltar to work).
However, the Ceuta and Melilla borders have a double 6-metre high fence of
barbed wire manned by armed soldiers who have no qualms about shooting folk
trying to get in.
People who do get in easily though, and often, are the Europeans and/or non-muslims who live in Morocco and feel the urge to eat pork or get drunk.
While the typical photo of Gibraltar are monkeys or the smiling happy traditional English Mr Plod, in Ceuta and Melilla it's difficult to take a snap without a Spanish soldier walking past. There are thousands there, as well as lots of monuments and street names relating to Franco and his coup d'etât. Given that Franco was based in, and led his invasion from, north Africa he was (is?) a bit of a hero here.
People who do get in easily though, and often, are the Europeans and/or non-muslims who live in Morocco and feel the urge to eat pork or get drunk.
While the typical photo of Gibraltar are monkeys or the smiling happy traditional English Mr Plod, in Ceuta and Melilla it's difficult to take a snap without a Spanish soldier walking past. There are thousands there, as well as lots of monuments and street names relating to Franco and his coup d'etât. Given that Franco was based in, and led his invasion from, north Africa he was (is?) a bit of a hero here.
Another
difference is to be found in the fact that England conquered Gibraltar in 1703,
but 10 years later Spain officially signed Gibraltar over to England for
perpetuity in exchange for England dropping out of the War of Spanish Succession, whereas Ceuta and Melilla are Spanish basically through right of
conquest but I don’t think Morocco has ever agreed to it.
The moral
of the story; using history you could argue till the cows come home about what “should”
happen, but who’s to say we have the right to boss 30 or 150,000 people around
telling them which country they belong in?
Right, couldn't think of a song related to this so I'm going with this one for the cool video!
